Abstract:
Annotation. Development of the Artik at the present stage requires taking into account the environmental factor, including the assessment and elimination of accumulated environmental damage. Russia has accumulated positive experience in cleaning Arctic territories from accumulated environmental damage on the islands of the Franz Josef Land archipelago, in the village of Amderma, on Wrangel Island, and White Island. A state register of objects of accumulated environmental damage is maintained, and special programs are implemented.
Key words: Artik, accumulated environmental damage, state register of objects of accumulated environmental damage, programs
Russia's special national interests in the field of sustainable development of the Arctic cover the areas of economics, ecology, social policy and science. The aggravation of the environmental situation in the Arctic is caused by a number of reasons, including impacts caused by the consequences of economic activities in the past. In the 20th century In the Russian Arctic, a powerful industrial potential with a pronounced raw material orientation was created. As a result of the curtailment of economic and other activities in the Arctic in the 1990s, the problem of accumulated environmental damage arose. However, the current state of the environment, as well as projects for new development of the Arctic zone, raise questions from the perspective of environmental safety.
Regarding the cleanup of the Arctic regions from accumulated environmental harm and waste, a whole package of regulations has been adopted aimed at: eliminating landfills and reclamation of the territories where they are located, identifying and assessing objects of accumulated environmental harm, as well as organizing work to eliminate accumulated environmental harm, arising as a result of past economic and other activities, the obligations to eliminate which were not fulfilled or were not fulfilled in full, the procedure for providing subsidies from the federal budget to support regional projects in the field of waste management and elimination of accumulated environmental damage.
In accordance with Law No. 7-FZ “On Environmental Protection”, identification of objects of accumulated harm is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local governments through an inventory and survey of the territories where waste disposal facilities are located. Assessment of an object's accumulated environmental damage includes establishing:
• volume or mass of pollutants, waste and their hazard classes;
• the area of territories and water areas where the object of accumulated environmental damage is located, the categories and types of permitted land use;
• the level and volume of negative impact on the environment, including the ability of pollutants to migrate to other components of the natural environment, the possibility of pollution of water bodies, including those that are sources of drinking and domestic water supply, the possibility of environmental risks;
• the presence at the sites of accumulated environmental damage of hazardous substances specified in international treaties to which the Russian Federation is a party;
• the number of people living in the territory where the environment is negatively impacted due to the location of the site of accumulated environmental damage;
• the number of people living in the territory where the environment is under threat of negative impact due to the location of the site of accumulated environmental damage [1].
All this information must be reflected in the inspection report of the object of accumulated harm.
According to the Rules for maintaining the state register of objects of accumulated environmental damage, after inclusion in the register, objects are categorized in accordance with established criteria. The selection of projects for participation in the Priority Project “Clean Country” is made taking into account the established category of objects. The activities of the priority project are financed from the federal, regional and local budgets [2, 3].
Among the works on cleaning up territories in the Arctic, the project “Program for the Elimination of Sources of Negative Impact on the Contaminated Territories of the Islands of the FFE Archipelago for 2012-2020” should be highlighted. The program determined the main directions for the implementation of a set of industrial and organizational measures that ensure the creation of conditions and mechanisms for the implementation of work to eliminate sources of negative impact on the contaminated territories of the islands of the Franz Josef Land archipelago for 2012-2020.
The amount of necessary financing for the implementation of the Program was estimated at 8.5 billion rubles. To assess the effectiveness of cleanup work on the islands of the archipelago, a repeated geo-ecological survey of the contaminated areas of the islands of the FFI archipelago was carried out in 2017, which showed that the cleanup work carried out during the specified period was highly effective [4].
To eliminate gaps in the regulatory framework for ensuring work to ensure environmental safety in the Arctic, proposals should be prepared for scientific, methodological and information support of the planned work, as well as for conducting field pre-investment surveys, justification of projects for the period 2024-2025 and for the period until 2035 of the year. In this regard, it is necessary to: conduct an inventory of environmental projects in the Arctic regions to eliminate past accumulated environmental damage; estimate the volume of environmental damage and the necessary costs for its elimination in the regions of the Russian Arctic;
Literature
1. Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" dated January 10, 2002 N 7-FZ
2. Rules for maintaining the state register of objects of accumulated environmental damage. Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 13. 2017 No. 445.
3. Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated August 4, 2017 No. 435 “On approval of the criteria and deadline for categorizing objects whose accumulated environmental damage is subject to elimination as a matter of priority.”
4. Shevchuk A.V. Problems of assessing and eliminating accumulated environmental damage on the islands of the Franz Josef Land archipelago in the period 2011-2017. M.: LLC “White Wind”, 2023.-162 p.
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Biography:
Shevchuc Anatoly Vasylyevich, Deputy Chairman of SOPS-VAVT All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Natural Resources and Ecology, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor at Moscow University. M.V. Lomonosov, Academician of the Russian Ecological Academy, member of the Association of Polar Explorers.
The main directions of scientific and practical work: economic regulated mechanisms of nature use and environmental protection, evaluation of the natural resources and ecoligical damage, planning, licensing of nature use, ecological expertise, audit and assurance of environmental management and nature use.
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